Machine for uniting looped fabrics



July l?, E923.

' E. E. RANDALL MACHINE FOR UNITING LooPED FABRICS Filed Feb.l 27 192.2 3 Sheets-Sheet l "Ivuny 17, 1923. mszs E. E. RANDALL MACHINE FOR UNITING LooPED FABRICS Filed Feb. 27. 1922 s sheets-sheet 2 I Juny 117, w23. M2M@ E. E. RANDALL MACHINE FOR UNITING-LOOPED FABRICS Filed Feb. 27, 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 "www 9 Patented July I7, ll923.

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EDISON E. ANDALL, OF KANKAKEE, ILLINOIS, ASSIG-NOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO POPE MACHINE COMPANY, 0F KANKAKEE, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

MACHINE FOR UNITING LOOIED FABRICS.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, EDISON E. RANDALL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Kankakee, in the county of Kankakee and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Uniting Looped Fabrics, of which the following is a specilication, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

This invention primarily relates to machines for uniting looped fabrics, and it has especial reference to machines for sewing'together the edges of knitted goods or looped fabrics such as stockings and the like.

The structure constituting my inventiveconcept is particularly designed for use in association with a continuously operated mechanism for raising a line of stitching into the operative zone of a thread-severing or cutting device, such as is disclosed in my United States Letters-Patent No. 1,205,107, granted November 14C, 1916. As explained in that patent, it is desirable to sever the stitching thread which extends from one article to the next where the articles are impaledl upon pins circularly arranged on a rotatable support or ydial forming a component of a hosiery looping machine. In practice, it has been found that as a line or chain of stitches produced by the stitchforming mechanism of the machine yis advanced by the traveling pin-carrying support, it is important that such line or chainv shall be directed as nearly as may be into the field of movement of the stitch-raising instrumentality in order to insure engagement thereby to feed the same to the cutting device. The present invention is predicated upon the discoverythat by developing a pressure upon the chain or line of stitching as rthe same rests upon the impaling pins, such chain or line will kbe given a normal tendency to curl upwardly and, thus, be raised into a plane above that of the pins and into a position to insure its engagement by the thread-raising and severing mechanisms. y

It is evident that this inventive-concept may be carried into effect by various types of structures; but as a result of considerable experiment andy practical operation, I have found that that which is'hereinl disclosed has features of advantage and is exceedingly eflicient for the purpose. It will,

therefore be understood that, in showing' in the accompanying drawings a form of structure adapted for the purpose mentioned, such drawings are merely illustrative and intended to exemplify a practical type of device; but it is to befnoted that the illustrated device is susceptible of a wide range of variationl and modification without departing from the salient features and underlying principles of the invention; and it is also to be observed that the invention may likewise be diiferently emlodied In these drawings:

Figure l is a view in top plan of a looping machine with my invention embodied therein;

Fig. 2 is a view in sectional elevationjon the line 2- 2, Fig. 1, showing on an enlarged scale my improved kthread-curling device;

Fig. 3 is a similar view from the 'oppio'-y site side;

Fig. l is a fragmentary View, in rear elevation, (partly in section) ,of my improved thread-curling device;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary view in top plan and on an enlarged scale showing particularly the kaction of a chain-guiding component forming part of the curling device; and

Fig. 6 isy a view in perspective of the curl-` ing device and its thread-guiding component detached.

It is deemed unessen'tialhere toI detail .the construction and operation of a machine for sewing loopedy fabrics, inasmuch as such a structure is well known in the art. It will here suffice to explain that such a machine includes a base 1 that is, as usual, secured to a suitable table 'or bench (not shown) and in which machine is journaled a main driving shaft 2 from which the various mechanisms of the machine' are. operated and to which power is supplied through a suitable pulley 3. An outwardlyprojecting overhanging arm 4: rises from the base l and has depending therefrom, at its outer end, a stud 5 'to which is rigidly secured a ringform or support 6. A. ring or dial 7 is rotatably Imounted upon the ring support and given a continuous rotary movement byY a worm gear, designated generally by the reference-character 8 (Fig-` l) operated by the main shaft 2, all in a well-known manner.

- land operated `from' an` eccentric 11 secured Vtoa wormfshaft 12 actuated .from the main shaft `2 through a ypinion 13 which meshes ,with a bevel-gear 14 fast on the shaft 2, automatically trims off the upwardly-pro- ,.jecting edges of the article, leaving only a `suificient ,portion ,projecting above the im- `{,)alfing pins to be' caught and united by vlstitch-formiiig mechanism, designated genf erally by the reference-character 15.

Yso

In the construction illustrated, the impaling pins rotate, a clockwise direction as y,Viewed in Eig. 1, and each articley on vthe impaling pins, after it passes the trimming mechanism 10,- is brought ainto vthe field of action of the lstitch-forming mechanism 15,

j which'places a line of stitching in the pro- ,jectingedgesof I,the article then impaled upon the pins and immediatelyy above such v,pinsYV The threads carried by the stitchforming mechanism extend continuously from one impaled article to another and just above y,the plane ofthe pins. As the lpin-supporting ring 7 rotates, it carries each varticle from the stitch-forming mechanism toward a stitch or thread cutting mechanism associated with the pin ring 7, and in the drawings designated generally by the reference-character 16, yand which is supported, at a predetermined distance from the stitch-forming mechanism, upon any suitable portion of the machine` and operated in yanvsuitable way. In ,this instance, however, I prefer 'to operate the cutting mechanism continuously from the continuously-rotating worm shaft 12, all as described inmy aforementioned Patent No. 1,205,107. I-Iere, as there, thecutting mech- :anism is supported upon a bracket 17 which, preferably and as shown, extends radial-ly outward. For convenience, this outwardly-projecting bracket is made in two A parts 18 and 19. respectively, held together screws 420. i The part'18 is formed with ,an integral transversely-extending lug or `bearing Ihecutting mechanism lincludes two relativelymovable shearing ,blades 22 and 23, the field vof raction of which is preferably loy cated above the line of stitching. 4indicated vat23, above the impaling pins: In this instance, means areprovided `for raising or lifting the thread extending from the stitched portion above 'the line of stitching into the field of action of the cutting mechanism. In the preferred form of construction here illustrated', this resiilt is secured by the inner, fixed shearing blade23-extending down close to the. impal'in'g pins upon the welt 24, while the movable or pivoted cooperating shearing blade 22 vmoves back and forth above vthe line of stitching 25, and in conjunction therewith there is employed a thread-lifter 26 which moves intermittently with the movable shearing Ablade 22 toward and rfrom the fixed blade 23. The lifter 26 is of sufficient length to contact with the projecting welt 24, and is restrained in its movement thereby; vbut as the stitchedarticle advances, this lifter, being unrestrained by the welt 24, passes beneath the thread 25 and in its continued movement lifts this thread upwardly into the field ofl action cf the shearing blades.

The movable shearing'blade 22 is pivotally mounted by being secured to a shaft 27 mounted in the bearing 21. This shearing blade, at itscutting or effective edge, is shorter than the fixed blade 23, so that as it swings back and forth, it pas-ses above the line vofI stitching and the welt and, hence, the field of action of the cutting mechanism is at all times abovethe welt. Movement of .they shearing blade is effected by rocking thel shaft 27, this being effected through the linkage 28 connected to the shaft and to an eccentric l29 secured to and operated by the worm shaft 12.

The thread lifter 26 is pivoted 'on the shaft 27, and is of such length that, in its movement, it passes closeabove the impaling pins ,and contacts with the welt 24. It is yieldingly held against the movable blade 22 by a contractile spring 3() and' derives its .motion by reason of its relation to that blade.

Operation: The operation of the' cutting mechanism, so'far described, will vbe apparent: After the fabric on thev impaling pins has beentrimmed off by the trimming mechanism 10, and stitched by the stitching mechanismV 15, thereby forming the slightly yprojecting stitched portion or vwelt24, it advances toward and past the cutting mechanismp Inasmuch as the stitched portion or welt 24 projects immediately in front of the lower edge of the fixed shearing blade 23, `the action of the movable blade 22 will be 'in a plane above the welt, while the lifter 26 will strike against the welt and be therebj7 restrained against the action of the spring 30. This action continues until the welt or stitched portion has passed out Lfrom the path of the lifter 26. whereupon, at the next inward swing of this lifter, there being no stitched portion or welt to restrain its movement, the lifter continues its movement and passes beneath the projecting thread 25 and past the fixed blade 2,3, thus lifting the thread upwardly upon its inclined edge 3l into the field of action of the cutting mechanism. As the edge of the movable cutting blade follows immediately after the projecting point of the lifter, the thread is at once severed. The cutting mechanism continues to operate and severl any projecting end of the stitched chain 25 until the next impaled article is reached, when its weltwill pass into the path of the lifter and restrain it and prevent a further cutting operation. Thus, it will be seen that, owing to the position. of the lifter with respect to the cutting blades, the projecting ends of the thread or stitched chain are severed at substantially equal and uniform distances from the finished article because the point at which the thread shall be severed is determined by the stitched portion of the article itself.

To insure the raising of the stitched chain 25 to the inclined edge 3l of the lifter so that the latter will function vto present the same to the cutting mechanism, as above described, l: have combined with the lifter,

as a companion device thereto, a thread or chain curling device designated, generally, by the reference-character 32: This device comprises a bell-cranl-lever 33 operating onan axis comprising the screw 34 and having an outstanding portion 35. f Attached to a stud 36 on the lever 33 is a-spring 37 which, at its opposite end, is connected to a stud 38 secured in the bracket member 19. djustably mounted on the outstanding portion 35 of the lever 33 is a curling member 39 provided with a short slot 40 through which extends a headed screw 41. The slot and screw permit adjustment of the curling member on the supporting portion of the lever 33. rlhe curling member is formed with an angulated thread-engaging portion 42, slightly inclined to the vertical, and having its lower face comparatively smooth or polished.

Loosely pivoted, as on a screw 43, is a chain-guiding member 44, shorter in length than the lever 33 and having a. beveled thread-engaging end 45 normally occupying a position intermediate the edges of the thread-engaging portion 42.

Operation: As the line of stitching or chain 25 travels with the pin-carrier, the curling member 39 normally exerts a pressure upon the underlying chain, such that the latter is caused to curl upwardly so that its end will have al normal tendency to direct itself toward the beveled edge 3l of the thread lifter 26, with the result that this chain is, thus, automatically brought into position for action by the lifter 26 to raise the same into position for the severing v action of the cutting blades. n It will be understood, of course, that after a hosiery article has passed beyond the cutting mechanism, a predetermined length of the chain 25 is left uncut.` As soon as the cutting mechanism becomes active, the free end of the chain-then being without any supportwould naturally fall toward the pins 9; but by reason of the action of the member 42 on the chain, the latter is caused to have an upward curling movement until just before its rear end reaches the cutting mechanisni, and at which point the cutting mechanism ceases to act upon the chain. It may he explained that this operation, as here set forth, is that which is clearly observable and it is assumed that the drawing of the chain along the under surface of the curling portion 42 produces Aa sort of twisting or curling action on the chain., the extent of which is predetermined by the strength of the spring 37, the latter being lthe instrumentality which rocks the lever 33 `on its axis 34 and holds the curling device 39, with its curling portion 42 in contact with the pins 9. l

To insure the constant positioning of the chain or line of stitchingunder the curling portion 42, the chain is guided by the beveled portion of the member 44, the latter sliding over the pins 9 by reason ofthe yfact that it is loosely supported on the lever '33 by the screw 43. Where two hosiery arlticles are relatively close together on the impaling pins, the chain 25 between these two articles would ordinarily be maintained in a position to register with the curling portion 42; but if the chain 25be of considerable length by reason of the two hosiery articles being spaced far apart-as shown, for instance, in Fig. 5-this chain would then be at a considerable yangle to the curling device and would not always bel in a position to be acted upon by the curling device. The member 44 operates constantly to hold the chain so that it will be guided directly to and beneath the curling portion 42.

From the foregoing, it will be understood that, after a chain or line of stitches has been formedA by the mechanism l5, those portions of the chain which extend between impaled articles will be guided by the member 44'to the curling device .which, then, becomes active to effect the curling of the chain, whichr gives it a tendency to position itself into the Zone of action of the thread lifter 26, whereupon the putting mechanism operates to sever it ina manner already explained.

lWhat I claim ist l. AY machine for sewing looped fabrics, including a movable impaling pin support, impaling pins arranged thereon and traveling therewith, stitch-forming mechanism for vsecuring together the impaled fabric loops by forming aline or chain of stitches thereeok in and above the impaling pins, continuously-operated chain raising and severing mechanism juxtaposed to the path of travel of the pins, anda chain-curling device associated with said mechanism.

2. A. machine for sewing looped fabrics, including a movable impaling pin support,

vimpalingpins yarranivged thereon and traveling therewith, stitch-forming mechanism for securing together the impaled fabric loops by forming a line or chain of stitches therein and above the impaling pins, continuouslyyoperated chain raising and severing mechavnism j uxtaposed to the path of travel of the '.pins, and a chain-curling device associated with said mechanism and overlying the pins.

3. A machine for sewing looped fabrics, including a movable impaling pin support, impaling pins arranged thereon and traveling therewith, stitch-forming mechanism for securing together `the iinipaled fabric loops by forming a line or chain ofL stitches therein and above the impaling pins, continuously-y operated chain raising and severing mechanism juxtaposed to the path of travel of the pins, and a chain-curling device associated withsaidmechanism and overlying the pins yand comprising a pin-engaging element.

, 4f.. .A machine for .sewing looped fabrics, including a movable impaling pin support, iii'ipaling. pins arranged thereon and travelying therewith, stitch-forming mechanismv for l securing together the impalcd' fabric loops byforining a line or chain of stitches therein and above the impaling pins, continuouslyoperated chain raising and severing mechanism juxtaposed to the path of travel of the pins, and a chain-curling*device associated with said mechanism and overlying 4the pins and` comprising a pin-engaging elevby forming a line or chain of Stitches therein r and above the =impaling pins, continuouslyoperated chain raising "and severing mechanism juxtaposed to the path of travel of the pins, anda chain-.curling device associated ivithsaid mechanism and overlying thev pins and Vcomprising a' pin-engaging element vand .means for causing the element to have a normal tendency to effect pressure on the chain and consisting of a. resilient member connected to the element.

6. A machine for sewinglooped fabrics, including a movable impalingy pin support, impaling pins arranged thereon and travel- :ing therewith, stitch-forming `mechanism for securing together the impaled fabric loops :by forming a line or chain of stitches therein and above the impalingv pins, continuouslyoperated chain raising and severing mechanism juxtaposed to the path of travel of the pins, and a chain-curling device associated with said mechanism and overlying the pins, and comprising a' bell-crank member and a spring to effect a normalpressure of the member against the pins.

7. i machl'ne for sewinglooped fabrics, includinga movable impaling-pin-siipport, stitch-forming mechanism juxtaposed to the path of travel of the support for securing the edges of fabric impaled on the support and operating to form a chain of stitches above the same, chain-severing mechanism juxtaposed to the path of travel of the pin support, and comprising a movable-cutter and a relatively stationary cutter, and a chain-engaging device comprising a pairof oppositely-disposed upper and lower surfaces, the upper surface being substantially arc-shaped to raise the chain toward 4the central section of the stationary cutter and into a plane above that of the lower edge thereof. j 8. A. machine for sewing looped fabrics, including a movable impaling-pin-support, impaling pins thereon and travelingl therewith, stitch-forming mechanism for securingy the edges of fabric impaled on the pins and ope-rating to form a chain of stitche-s above the pins, .chain-severing mechanism juxtaposed to the path of travel of the pins and comprising a movable cutter and a rela-` tively stationary cutter, a chain-engaging device comprising a pair of upper and lower arc-shaped, surfaces oppositelyv disposed, the

upper surface operating to raise the chainv into a plane above that of the lower edge of the stationary cutter, and resilient means for-controlling the device.

9. A machine Afor sewing looped fabrics, including a movable impaling pin support, impaling pins thereon and traveling therewith, stitch-forming mechanism for securing the edges of fabric impaled on the pins and operating to form a chain of stitches above the pins, a chain-severing,mechanism juXtaposed to the-path of travel of the pins, and a chain-curling device adapted to yproduce within the chain ya disturbed relation between the parts thereof, so as' to cause the chain to curl, and thereby direct the chain .into the operating zone of, the severing mechanism. j

l0. fr machine for sewing looped.V fabrics, includinga movable impaling pin support,

l impalingpins thereon and traveling therewith, stitch-forming mechanism for securing the edges of fabric impaled on ktliepins and operating to form a chain of stitches above Vthe pins, a'cliain-seve-ring mechanism juxtaposed to the path of travel .of the pins, a

chain-curling device adapted. to produce Within the chain a disturbed relation between the parts thereof, so as to cause the chain to curl, and thereby direct the chain into the operating Zone of the severing mechanism, and a thread-guiding member associated with the chain-curling device.

l1. A. machine for sewing looped fabrics, including a movable impaling pin support, impaling pins thereon and traveling therewith, stitch-forming mechanism for securing the edges of fabric impaled on 'the pins and operating to form a chain of stitches above the pins, a chain-severing mechanism juxtaposed to the path of travel of the pins, a chain-curling device having a normal tendency to curlthe chain and thereby direct the chain into the operating zone of the severing mechanism, and a thread-guiding member associated with the chain-curling device and slidable over the pins.

l2. A machine for sewing looped fabrics, including a movable impaling pin support, impaling pins thereon and traveling therewith, stitch-forming mechanism for securing the edges of fabric impaled on the pins and operatingto form a chain of stitches above the pins, a chain-severing mechanism, juxtaposed to the path of travel of the pins, a chain-curling device having a normal tendency to curl the chain and thereby direct the chain into the operating zone of the severing mechanism, and a thread-guiding member associated with and tracking the chain-curling device as the latter rides over the pins.

13. ln combination, a thread-severing mechanism operable upon a chain of stitches produced in a looper machine, and a threadcurling device associated with said mechanism and having a normal tendency to produce lwithin the chain a disturbed relation between its parts, so as to cause the chain to curl, and thereby direct the chain into the operating Zone of the severing mechanism.

14. ln combination, a thread-severing mechanism operable upon a. chain of stitches produced in a looper machine, and a threadcurling device associated With said mechanism and having a normal tendency to produce within the chain a disturbed relation between its parts, so 'as to cause the chain to curl, and thereby direct the chain into the operating Zone of the severing mechanism, and comprising a pin-engaging member and a pressure-producing element operating thereon.

l5. In. combination, a support, a threadsevering mechanism thereon, and a threadcurling device also on the support operable to produce Within a chain of stitches presentable to the thread-severing mechanism a. disturbed relation between the parts of the chain, so as to cause such chain tocurl, and thereby direct the chain into the operating Zone of the severing mechanism;

16. In combination, a support, a threadsevering mechanism thereon, anda springcontrolled thread-curling device also on the support operable to produce within a chain of stitches presentable to the thread-severing mechanism a disturbed relation between the parts of the chain, so as to cause such'chain to curl, and thereby direct the chain into the operating Zone of the severing mechanism.

17. ln combination, a support, a threadsevering mechanism thereon, a thread-curling device also on 'the support operable to produce within a chain of stitches presentable to a thread-severing mechanism a disturbed relation ,between the parts of the chain, so as to cause suc-h chain to curl, and thereby direct the chain into the operating rione of the severing mechanism, and a thread-guiding member associated with the curling device.

18. ln combination, a support, a threadsevering mechanism thereon, a thread-curling device also on the support operable to produce within a chain of stitches presentable to thread-severing mechanism adisturbed relation between the parts of the chain, so as to cause such chain to curl, and thereby direct the chain into the operating Zone of the severingv mechanism, and a 4thi'cad-guiding member associated with the curling deviceand movable independently thereof. 1

19. A machine for securing the edges of looped. fabrics, including a movable pin sup-- port, iinpaling pins thereon and traveling therewith, stitch-forming mechanism operating to produce a series or chain of stitches over the pins, a thread-severing device juxtaposed tothe path of travel of the pins, and a chain-guiding and positioning device, freely movable vertically, normally resting by gravity upon and riding over the pins,

and active on the chain in advance of the.,l

operation thereon of the severing device.

QIOQA machine for securing the edges of looped fabrics, including a movable pin support, impalinej pins thereon and traveling therewith, stitch-forming mechanism operating to produce a series or chain of. 4stitches over the pins, a rthreacl-severing device juxtaposed to the path of travel of the pins, and a chain-guiding and positioning device, freely movable vertically, normally resting by gravity upon and riding over the pins, and active on the chain in. advance of the operation thereon of the severing device for locating the chain in the Zone of action of the severing device., the guiding device tracking the severing device as the pins travel under the same.

21. A machine for sewing the edges of looped fabrics, including a support, a pivoted member thereon having an' approximately flat thread-engaging portion, and a spring connected to the lmember and support to cause the thread-engaging portionl to have a normal tendency to bear downwardly.-

22. A `machine l'or sewing the edges of looped fabrics, including a support, a pivoted bell-crank member thereon having yan approximately iat thread-engaging portion, and a spring connected to the member and support to cause the thread-engaging portion to have a. normal tendency to bear downwardly.

f posed to the path oi' travel ol2 the pins, and

a thread-curling device associated therewith and adapted to produce within a chain pre.- sentable tothe severing mechanism a disturbed relation between the parts of the chain, sor as to cause it to curl, and thereb7 direct such chain into the loperating 'zone of .the severing mechanism.

25. A machine Yl'or uniting' looped fabrics, including a movable impaling pin support, impaling `pins thereon, stitch-forming.mechanism associated with the support for forming a line of stitching above the iinpaling pins, mechanism acting to raise a. line of .thread iorined by the stitch-forming mechaf n'ism, and a curling device pintaposed to the thread-raising mechanism.

26. A-machine for uniting` looped fabrics, including amovable impaling pin support, impaling pins thereon., stitch-forming mechanism associated with the support for tormling a line oi' stitching above the impaling pins, mechanism acting to raise a line oi" thread formedk by the stitch-'forming mechanism, and a curling device juxtaposed to the thread-raising mechanisn'i, and comprising a thread-engaging` member and means having a normal tendeucyto press the same toward the pins while bearing upon the line of stitching formed above the pins.

27. A machine for uniting knit fabric, in-

cluding a movable impaling pin support,..

`iinpaling pins thereon, stitch-forming mechanism associated 'with the support for forming a line of stitching` above the impaling pins, mechanism for severing the lm e ot' stitching, and ar curling device associated with the severing mechanism and functioning toproduce lwithin the line of stitching adisturbed relation between its components so as to causesuchline to curl and thereby to give it a normal tendency to rise away from thepins. Y

- 28. Amachine for uniting knit fabric, including a movable impaling pin support, i'mpaling pins thereon, stitch-forming mechanisin associated Vwith the support Yfor torming aline ,of stitchingabove the impaling pins, mechanism for severing the line or" stitching, and a .curlingdevice associated with the severing mechanism and functioning to produce within the line of stitching a disturbed relation between its components so as to cause suoli line to curla'nd thereby to give it a normal .tendency to rise away ,trom the pins and comprising a line-engaging member, means tor .causing the member to have a normal tendency to press against the pins and the line or' stitching over the saine, and a O'uide disposed at one sideof the member for guiding the line of stitching thereto. 1

29. A machine for uniting knit fabric, including a movable impaling pin support, iinpaling pins thereon, stitch-forming mech-` anism associated with the support for forming a line or' stitching above thev impaling pins, mechanism for severing the line of stitching, and a curling device associated with the severing mechanism and functioning to produce within the line of stitching a disturbed .relation between its components so as to cause such line tocurl and thereby `to giveit a normal tendency to rise away from the pins and comprising a line-engag ing member and means for-causing' the member to have a ,normali tendency to press against thepins over the same. l

30. As anarticle of manufacture, a'bracket, stitch raising Aand severing mechanism mounted thereon, and a curling device also and the line of stitching 'mountedy on the bracket and operative with lthe stitch raising and severing mechanism.

31. A machine for sewing2 looped fabrics, .including a movable impaling pin support, impaling pins thereon, stitch-forming. mechanism tor securing together the impaled portions of the fabric lby' forming a line of 'stitching thereon above the impaling pins,

continuously-operated mechanism acting to raise the thread extending from the stitched portion above the line where the stitching 7,sof

is formed and thenl to sever the same thread,

and a curling device juxtaposed to the thread-severing mechanism andl comprising athread-engaging member, a resilient element holding the member in operativerelation with respect to the support, and a bracket on whichthe member swings. y

In testimonywhereot l afiixmy signature in presence of two witnesses. v

EDISON E. RANDALL. yVitnesses; l p

En. HonNNronn, R. K. KNAPP. 

